Cell Division - DNA replication - Protein Synthesis EOC Review Questions

Please complete the questions here.

1. Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?

a. The cytoplasm separates.

b. The DNA replicates.

c. The sister chromatids separate.

d. The homologous chromosomes cross over.


2. A strand of DNA has these bases: AGC CAT GTA TAC What is the

complementary DNA strand?

a. ACG GAT CTA TAG

b. TCG GTA CAT ATG

c. TGC CTA GAT ATC

d. UCG CUA CAU AUG


3. Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins,

DNA, and cells?

a. Proteins combine to produce cells, which produce DNA.

b. Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are

c. DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function.

d. Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins.


4. Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

a. It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the

b. It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes

c. It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of

d. It allows the zygote formed from fertilization


5. Which process produces the most variation within a species?

a. asexual reproduction

b. sexual reproduction

c. mitosis

d. cloning


6. What are the subunits of DNA and their function?

a. nucleotides that store information

b. monosaccharides that provide quick energy for the cell

c. lipids that store energy and provide insulation

d. proteins that provide the building blocks for the structural components

produced.


7. During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for

cellular division?

a. Cytokinesis

b. Anaphase

c. Prophase

d. Interphase


8. A segment of DNA has this sequence: ATA GCA CAT GTA What is the mRNA

sequence transcribed from this segment?

a. TAT CGT GTA CAT

b. TAT GCT CTA GAT

c. UAU CGU GUA CAU

d. UAU GCU CUA CAU


9. This chart shows which amino acids are coded for by different combinations

of mRNA nucleotides. Which amino acids are coded for by an mRNA segment

that reads CAG GUG?

a. arginine and valine

b. isoleucine and arginine

c. glutamine and valine

d. valine and isoleucine


10. Which would most likely produce a mutation that is passed on to offspring?

a. radiation changing the DNA sequence in skin cells

b. a gamete with an extra chromosome forming

c. tobacco smoke altering the genes in lung cells

d. exposure to chemicals altering nerve cell function


11. How does DNA code for proteins in a cell?

a. by creating a new double helix structure

b. by using its phosphate and sugar molecules

c. by adding more hydrogen bonds to its structure

d. by arranging certain nitrogen bases of the cell in a particular order


12. What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis?

a. two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell

b. two cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell

c. four cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell

d. four cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell


13. How would overexposure to X-rays affect most animal cells?

a. It would increase cell specialization in organs.

b. It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells.

c. It would produce new nucleotides for DNA molecules.

d. It would cause an increase in red blood cell production.


14. How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different?

a. Sexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but

asexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents.

b. Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but

sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents.

c. Sexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but asexual

reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms.

d. Asexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but sexual

reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms.


15. Which characteristic is present in offspring produced by sexual reproduction,

but is missing in offspring produced by asexual reproduction?

a. an identical copy of parent chromosomes

b. twice the number of parent chromosomes

c. only half the number of parent chromosomes

d. an independent assortment of parent chromosomes


16. Which factor most affects the order of amino acids in a protein?

a. the DNA located in the nucleus of the cell

b. the cell in which the protein is located

c. the amount of ATP available for the cell’s use

d. the area in a cell where proteins are produced


17. Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

a. A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in

blood cells.

b. Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells.

c. Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood

cells.

d. Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by

the heart.


18. The diagram below shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occurs in the G1 phase?

A. growth of the cell

B. replication of the DNA

C. formation of the mitotic spindle

D. breakdown of the nuclear membrane


19. Which of the following statements best describes why the change in only one

DNA base of the hemoglobin gene results in a different protein product of

the gene?

a. The change prevents mRNA from being made.

b. The change alters the amino acid sequence of the protein.

c. The change causes the blood cells to divide in an uncontrolled way.

d. The change creates a second strand of mRNA for each RNA molecule.


20. In a eukaryotic cell, which of the following processes directly involves DNA?

a. Translation

b. cellular respiration

c. active transport of ions

d. replication of chromosomes


21. In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of adenine present is

always equal to the amount of

a. cytosine.

b. guanine.

c. thymine.

d. uracil.


22. Which of the following statements best explains why offspring produced by

sexual reproduction often look similar to, but not exactly the same as, their

parents?

a. The offspring have genetic material from both the mother and the

father.

b. The cells of the offspring contain all the dominant genes from the

parents.

c. The cells of the offspring undergo mitosis many times as the offspring

grow and develop.

d. The offspring have a period of embryonic development, rather than

being born immediately after fertilization.